Sheriff's Deed
A deed issued to the purchaser of property sold at a sheriff's sale, typically resulting from foreclosure or execution on a judgment. Sheriff's deeds convey whatever interest was subject to the execution without warranties.
Understanding Sheriff's Deed
A sheriff's deed (or constable's deed in some jurisdictions) is the instrument that conveys property sold through court-ordered enforcement proceedings. This includes mortgage foreclosure sales, tax sales, partition sales, and sales to satisfy judgment liens. The sheriff or constable acts as the agent of the court in conducting the sale and issuing the deed.
Sheriff's deeds are 'bare' conveyances—they transfer only the interest that was subject to the court order, without warranties about title quality. The purchaser takes subject to any superior liens or interests that weren't foreclosed. The deed provides no recourse against the sheriff if title proves defective.
Because of these limitations, properties purchased at sheriff's sale often require additional work to establish marketable title. Quiet title actions are common following sheriff's sales to establish clear ownership and eliminate potential competing claims.
The sheriff's deed will reference the court case authorizing the sale, providing a starting point for understanding what was sold and under what circumstances. Reviewing the underlying judgment helps purchasers understand exactly what interest they've acquired.
Real-World Example
A creditor obtains a judgment against a debtor and levies on the debtor's real property. The sheriff conducts a sale and the creditor bids its judgment. The sheriff issues a sheriff's deed conveying the debtor's interest in the property to the creditor.
Texas-Specific Information
Texas uses both Sheriff's Deeds and Constable's Deeds depending on which officer conducts the sale. Texas tax sales result in deeds issued by the officer conducting the sale (often the constable). These deeds reference the underlying judgment and are recorded in the county deed records. Texas deeds from official sales convey 'all right, title, and interest' without warranties.
Related Terms
Tax Deed
A legal document conveying ownership of property sold at a tax sale due to unpaid property taxes. The tax deed transfers title from the delinquent owner to the purchaser, subject to any applicable redemption period.
Foreclosure
The legal process by which a lender takes possession of mortgaged property when the borrower defaults on loan payments. Foreclosure terminates the borrower's ownership rights and allows the lender to sell the property to recover the debt.
Quiet Title Action
A lawsuit filed to establish clear ownership of real property and remove any clouds on the title. The court judgment eliminates competing claims and establishes the plaintiff as the rightful owner.
Quitclaim Deed
A deed that transfers whatever interest the grantor may have in property without any warranties about the quality of title. The grantor makes no promises about ownership—they simply 'quit' any claim they might have.
Warranty Deed
A deed in which the grantor guarantees clear title and promises to defend against all claims. A general warranty deed provides the strongest title protection, warranting the entire chain of title back to the property's origins.
Track Deals Involving Sheriff's Deed
Liensuite helps curative title investors manage complex deals from first contact to closing. Start free with full Hidalgo County access.