Tax Sale Redemption Periods by State
How long do property owners have to redeem after a tax sale? Look up every state's rules, interest rates, and key investor considerations.
All 50 States + D.C.
| State | Sale Type | Redemption Period | Interest / Penalty | Key Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama(AL) | Tax Lien | 3 years | 12% annual interest | Owner has 3 years from the date of the tax lien certificate sale to redeem. Applies to all property types. |
| Alaska(AK) | Tax Deed | No statutory redemption | N/A | Alaska uses judicial foreclosure for delinquent taxes. No specific statutory redemption period after sale. |
| Arizona(AZ) | Tax Lien | 3 years (before deed) | 16% maximum interest | Owner has 3 years to redeem the tax lien before the certificate holder can apply for a treasurer's deed. No redemption after deed is issued. |
| Arkansas(AR) | Tax Deed | No redemption after sale | N/A | Once the Commissioner's Deed is issued at tax sale, there is no statutory right of redemption. |
| California(CA) | Tax Deed | 1 year | 1.5% per month (18% annually) | Property becomes tax-defaulted after 5 years of delinquency, then sold. Owner has the right to redeem up until the point of sale (some counties allow up to 1 year in certain judicial processes). |
| Colorado(CO) | Tax Lien | 3 years (before deed) | 9-12% interest + penalties | Lien holder must wait 3 years before applying for a treasurer's deed. Owner can redeem during this window. |
| Connecticut(CT) | Tax Lien | 6 months | 18% annual interest | Owner has 6 months from the date of the tax lien sale to redeem the property by paying all owed taxes plus interest. |
| Delaware(DE) | Tax Lien | 60 days | 15% penalty + 1% per month | One of the shortest redemption periods in the country. Owner has 60 days after the monitions (tax sale) process to redeem. |
| District of Columbia(DC) | Tax Lien | 6 months | 18% annual interest | Owner has 6 months from the tax lien sale date to redeem. After that, the lien purchaser can file to foreclose on the right of redemption. |
| Florida(FL) | Tax Lien | 2 years (before deed application) | 18% maximum (bid down) | Tax certificates are sold annually in June. Certificate holder must wait 2 years before applying for a tax deed. Owner can redeem at any time before the deed is issued. No redemption after deed. |
| Georgia(GA) | Redeemable Deed | 12 months | 20% penalty (1st year) | Buyer receives a deed at sale, but the original owner has 12 months to redeem by paying the purchase price plus penalties. If not redeemed, buyer gets full ownership. |
| Hawaii(HI) | Tax Deed | 1 year | 12% interest | Owner has 1 year to redeem after the tax sale by paying the purchase price plus costs and interest. |
| Idaho(ID) | Tax Deed | 14 months | Varies by county | County issues a tax deed after a 14-month redemption period following the delinquency date. Owner must pay all taxes, penalties, and interest to redeem. |
| Illinois(IL) | Tax Lien | 2-3 years (before deed) | 18-36% penalty | Standard redemption period is 2 years for most properties, extended to 3 years for owner-occupied residential. Lien buyer petitions for deed after the period expires. |
| Indiana(IN) | Tax Lien | 1 year / 120 days | 10-15% penalty | Owner-occupied properties have a 1-year redemption period. Vacant or abandoned properties have a shorter 120-day redemption window. |
| Iowa(IA) | Tax Lien | 1 year 9 months (before deed) | 2% per month (24% annually) | Tax sale certificates are issued in June. Owner has 1 year and 9 months to redeem before the certificate holder can apply for a treasurer's deed. |
| Kansas(KS) | Tax Deed | No redemption after sale | N/A | Properties are sold at auction after a judicial foreclosure process. Once sold, there is no statutory right of redemption for the former owner. |
| Kentucky(KY) | Tax Lien | 1 year | 12% annual interest | Owner has 1 year from the date of the tax lien certificate sale to redeem by paying the delinquent amount plus interest and costs. |
| Louisiana(LA) | Tax Lien | 3 years | 12%+ interest + 5% penalty | Owner has 3 years from the recordation of the tax sale to redeem. The redemption period is constitutionally protected. |
| Maine(ME) | Tax Lien | 18 months | Varies by municipality | Municipality places a lien on the property. Owner has 18 months from the date of filing to redeem before the municipality can foreclose. |
| Maryland(MD) | Tax Lien | 6 months / 4 months | Varies by county (up to 24%) | Owner-occupied residential properties have a 6-month redemption period. All other properties have a 4-month period after the lien holder files for foreclosure. |
| Massachusetts(MA) | Tax Lien | 6 months to 1 year | 16% annual interest | Redemption period varies. Tax title holder must wait at least 6 months before petitioning the Land Court to foreclose. The court may allow up to 1 year. |
| Michigan(MI) | Tax Deed | 1 year | Varies; includes fees + interest | Properties are forfeited after 2 years of delinquency, then sold at auction. Owner has 1 year after the foreclosure judgment to redeem before the deed is finalized. |
| Minnesota(MN) | Tax Lien | 3 years / 1 year | Varies by county | Agricultural and homestead properties get a 3-year redemption period. All other property types have a 1-year window to redeem. |
| Mississippi(MS) | Tax Lien | 2 years | 1.5% per month (18% annually) | Owner has 2 years from the date of the tax sale to redeem. After the period expires, the purchaser can obtain a tax deed. |
| Missouri(MO) | Tax Lien | 1 year | 10% penalty + costs | Owner has 1 year from the date of the tax lien sale to redeem. After 1 year, the collector issues a collector's deed to the purchaser. |
| Montana(MT) | Tax Lien | 3 years (before deed) | 10% per annum + 2% monthly penalty | Tax lien is assigned. Owner has 3 years to redeem before the lien holder can apply for a tax deed from the county. |
| Nebraska(NE) | Tax Lien | 3 years (before deed) | 14% annual interest | Tax sale certificates are sold annually. Owner has 3 years from the date of sale to redeem before the certificate holder can apply for a treasurer's deed. |
| Nevada(NV) | Tax Deed | No redemption after sale | N/A | Properties are sold at auction after being delinquent for 3+ years. Once sold, the buyer receives a deed with no right of redemption for the former owner. |
| New Hampshire(NH) | Tax Lien | 2 years | 18% annual interest | Owner has 2 years from the date of the tax lien sale to redeem. Failure to redeem results in forfeiture of the property to the lien holder. |
| New Jersey(NJ) | Tax Lien | 2 years | 18% max (bid down at auction) | Owner has 2 years after the tax sale to redeem. After 2 years, the certificate holder can begin foreclosure proceedings. Interest rate is bid down at auction. |
| New Mexico(NM) | Tax Deed | No redemption after sale | N/A | Properties are sold after 3 years of delinquency. Once the property is sold at a tax deed auction, there is no statutory right of redemption. |
| New York(NY) | Tax Lien | 1-2 years (varies by county) | Varies by county | Redemption period varies by county and municipality. NYC tax liens have a specific redemption process. Upstate counties typically allow 1-2 years. |
| North Carolina(NC) | Tax Deed | No redemption after sale | N/A (10-day upset bid period) | Properties go through a tax foreclosure process. Once sold, there is no right of redemption, but there is a 10-day upset bid period after the initial sale. |
| North Dakota(ND) | Tax Lien | 3 years (before deed) | 12% annual interest | County acquires a tax lien. Owner has 3 years to redeem before the county can issue a tax deed to the purchaser. |
| Ohio(OH) | Tax Lien | 1 year | 18% annual interest | Owner has 1 year from the date of the tax lien certificate sale to redeem. After that, the certificate holder can initiate foreclosure. |
| Oklahoma(OK) | Tax Lien | 2 years (before deed) | 8% annual interest | Tax lien certificates are sold annually. Owner has 2 years to redeem the lien before the certificate holder can apply for a deed. |
| Oregon(OR) | Tax Deed | 2 years (before foreclosure) | Varies; includes penalties | Properties become subject to foreclosure after being delinquent for 3 years. Owner has approximately 2 years in the foreclosure process to redeem. |
| Pennsylvania(PA) | Tax Deed | 9 months (repository sales) | 10% penalty | Upset sales have no redemption after the judicial sale is confirmed. Repository (free and clear) sales allow a 9-month redemption period. Process varies by county. |
| Rhode Island(RI) | Tax Lien | 1 year | 10% + 1% per month (22% max) | Owner has 1 year from the date of the tax sale to redeem the property by paying the delinquent taxes, interest, and costs. |
| South Carolina(SC) | Tax Lien | 12 months | 3-12% interest (varies) | Owner has 12 months from the date of the tax sale to redeem. Interest rate varies based on the bid and is set at the time of sale. |
| South Dakota(SD) | Tax Lien | 3-4 years (before deed) | Varies; includes penalties | Tax sale certificates have a 3-to-4-year waiting period before the purchaser can request a tax deed. Owner can redeem during this time. |
| Tennessee(TN) | Tax Lien | 1 year | 10% annual interest | Owner has 1 year from the date of the tax lien sale to redeem. After the period expires, the purchaser can petition the court for possession. |
| Texas(TX) | Tax Deed | 6 months / 2 years | 25% (6 mo) / 50% (2 yr) penalty | Most properties have a 6-month redemption period. Homestead, agricultural, and mineral properties have 2 years. The redemption price includes a 25% penalty (6 months) or 50% penalty (2 years). |
| Utah(UT) | Tax Deed | No redemption after sale | N/A | Properties are sold after 5 years of delinquency. Once sold at auction, the buyer receives a deed with no right of redemption for the former owner. |
| Vermont(VT) | Tax Deed | 1 year | 12% annual interest | Owner has 1 year to redeem after the tax sale. The collector's deed is issued after the redemption period expires without payment. |
| Virginia(VA) | Tax Deed | No statutory redemption | N/A | Virginia does not provide a statutory right of redemption after a tax sale. Owner must pay before the sale to avoid losing the property. |
| Washington(WA) | Tax Deed | No redemption after sale | N/A | Properties are sold after a 3-year delinquency period. Once the tax deed is issued at auction, the former owner has no right of redemption. |
| West Virginia(WV) | Tax Lien | 18 months | 12% annual interest | Owner has 18 months from the date of the tax lien sale to redeem. After the period, the purchaser can request a deed from the state auditor. |
| Wisconsin(WI) | Tax Deed | 2 years (before deed) | Varies by county | County takes a tax certificate. Owner has 2 years to redeem before the county issues a tax deed to the purchaser or takes the property. |
| Wyoming(WY) | Tax Lien | 4 years (before deed) | 15% penalty + 15%/year interest | Tax sale certificates are issued annually. Owner has 4 years to redeem before the certificate holder can apply for a tax deed. |
Owner has 3 years from the date of the tax lien certificate sale to redeem. Applies to all property types.
Alaska uses judicial foreclosure for delinquent taxes. No specific statutory redemption period after sale.
Owner has 3 years to redeem the tax lien before the certificate holder can apply for a treasurer's deed. No redemption after deed is issued.
Once the Commissioner's Deed is issued at tax sale, there is no statutory right of redemption.
Property becomes tax-defaulted after 5 years of delinquency, then sold. Owner has the right to redeem up until the point of sale (some counties allow up to 1 year in certain judicial processes).
Lien holder must wait 3 years before applying for a treasurer's deed. Owner can redeem during this window.
Owner has 6 months from the date of the tax lien sale to redeem the property by paying all owed taxes plus interest.
One of the shortest redemption periods in the country. Owner has 60 days after the monitions (tax sale) process to redeem.
Owner has 6 months from the tax lien sale date to redeem. After that, the lien purchaser can file to foreclose on the right of redemption.
Tax certificates are sold annually in June. Certificate holder must wait 2 years before applying for a tax deed. Owner can redeem at any time before the deed is issued. No redemption after deed.
Buyer receives a deed at sale, but the original owner has 12 months to redeem by paying the purchase price plus penalties. If not redeemed, buyer gets full ownership.
Owner has 1 year to redeem after the tax sale by paying the purchase price plus costs and interest.
County issues a tax deed after a 14-month redemption period following the delinquency date. Owner must pay all taxes, penalties, and interest to redeem.
Standard redemption period is 2 years for most properties, extended to 3 years for owner-occupied residential. Lien buyer petitions for deed after the period expires.
Owner-occupied properties have a 1-year redemption period. Vacant or abandoned properties have a shorter 120-day redemption window.
Tax sale certificates are issued in June. Owner has 1 year and 9 months to redeem before the certificate holder can apply for a treasurer's deed.
Properties are sold at auction after a judicial foreclosure process. Once sold, there is no statutory right of redemption for the former owner.
Owner has 1 year from the date of the tax lien certificate sale to redeem by paying the delinquent amount plus interest and costs.
Owner has 3 years from the recordation of the tax sale to redeem. The redemption period is constitutionally protected.
Municipality places a lien on the property. Owner has 18 months from the date of filing to redeem before the municipality can foreclose.
Owner-occupied residential properties have a 6-month redemption period. All other properties have a 4-month period after the lien holder files for foreclosure.
Redemption period varies. Tax title holder must wait at least 6 months before petitioning the Land Court to foreclose. The court may allow up to 1 year.
Properties are forfeited after 2 years of delinquency, then sold at auction. Owner has 1 year after the foreclosure judgment to redeem before the deed is finalized.
Agricultural and homestead properties get a 3-year redemption period. All other property types have a 1-year window to redeem.
Owner has 2 years from the date of the tax sale to redeem. After the period expires, the purchaser can obtain a tax deed.
Owner has 1 year from the date of the tax lien sale to redeem. After 1 year, the collector issues a collector's deed to the purchaser.
Tax lien is assigned. Owner has 3 years to redeem before the lien holder can apply for a tax deed from the county.
Tax sale certificates are sold annually. Owner has 3 years from the date of sale to redeem before the certificate holder can apply for a treasurer's deed.
Properties are sold at auction after being delinquent for 3+ years. Once sold, the buyer receives a deed with no right of redemption for the former owner.
Owner has 2 years from the date of the tax lien sale to redeem. Failure to redeem results in forfeiture of the property to the lien holder.
Owner has 2 years after the tax sale to redeem. After 2 years, the certificate holder can begin foreclosure proceedings. Interest rate is bid down at auction.
Properties are sold after 3 years of delinquency. Once the property is sold at a tax deed auction, there is no statutory right of redemption.
Redemption period varies by county and municipality. NYC tax liens have a specific redemption process. Upstate counties typically allow 1-2 years.
Properties go through a tax foreclosure process. Once sold, there is no right of redemption, but there is a 10-day upset bid period after the initial sale.
County acquires a tax lien. Owner has 3 years to redeem before the county can issue a tax deed to the purchaser.
Owner has 1 year from the date of the tax lien certificate sale to redeem. After that, the certificate holder can initiate foreclosure.
Tax lien certificates are sold annually. Owner has 2 years to redeem the lien before the certificate holder can apply for a deed.
Properties become subject to foreclosure after being delinquent for 3 years. Owner has approximately 2 years in the foreclosure process to redeem.
Upset sales have no redemption after the judicial sale is confirmed. Repository (free and clear) sales allow a 9-month redemption period. Process varies by county.
Owner has 1 year from the date of the tax sale to redeem the property by paying the delinquent taxes, interest, and costs.
Owner has 12 months from the date of the tax sale to redeem. Interest rate varies based on the bid and is set at the time of sale.
Tax sale certificates have a 3-to-4-year waiting period before the purchaser can request a tax deed. Owner can redeem during this time.
Owner has 1 year from the date of the tax lien sale to redeem. After the period expires, the purchaser can petition the court for possession.
Most properties have a 6-month redemption period. Homestead, agricultural, and mineral properties have 2 years. The redemption price includes a 25% penalty (6 months) or 50% penalty (2 years).
Properties are sold after 5 years of delinquency. Once sold at auction, the buyer receives a deed with no right of redemption for the former owner.
Owner has 1 year to redeem after the tax sale. The collector's deed is issued after the redemption period expires without payment.
Virginia does not provide a statutory right of redemption after a tax sale. Owner must pay before the sale to avoid losing the property.
Properties are sold after a 3-year delinquency period. Once the tax deed is issued at auction, the former owner has no right of redemption.
Owner has 18 months from the date of the tax lien sale to redeem. After the period, the purchaser can request a deed from the state auditor.
County takes a tax certificate. Owner has 2 years to redeem before the county issues a tax deed to the purchaser or takes the property.
Tax sale certificates are issued annually. Owner has 4 years to redeem before the certificate holder can apply for a tax deed.
How Redemption Periods Work
What is a redemption period?
After a tax sale, many states give the original property owner a legal window to "redeem" their property by paying all delinquent taxes, interest, penalties, and costs. During this period, the tax sale buyer holds a lien or conditional deed but may not have full ownership yet. The length of this period varies from 60 days to 4+ years depending on the state.
Tax Lien vs. Tax Deed Redemption
In tax lien states, the redemption period is a waiting period before the lien holder can convert their lien into a deed. During this time, the investor earns interest. In tax deed states, the buyer may receive a deed at sale but the owner has a set period to buy it back. Redeemable deed states like Georgia transfer ownership immediately but allow the owner to redeem by paying a steep penalty.
Why It Matters for Investors
The redemption period directly impacts your investment timeline and risk. Shorter periods mean faster access to the property but higher competition. Longer periods tie up capital but may offer attractive interest rates. States with no redemption give you clean ownership immediately but often have more aggressive bidding and higher purchase prices at auction.
Investor Strategy Tip
Match your investment strategy to the redemption period. If you want passive income, target tax lien states with high interest rates and 1-3 year redemption periods (like Iowa at 24% annually or Mississippi at 18%). If you want to acquire properties, focus on tax deed states with no redemption (like Nevada, Washington, or Utah) where you get immediate ownership.
For curative title investors, states like Texas and Georgia offer a sweet spot: short-to-moderate redemption periods with steep penalties that discourage owner redemption, meaning you are more likely to end up with the property.
More Investor Tools
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a tax sale redemption period?
A redemption period is the window of time after a tax sale during which the original property owner can reclaim their property by paying all delinquent taxes, interest, penalties, and costs. The length varies significantly by state, ranging from no redemption at all to 4+ years.
What happens when the redemption period expires?
Once the redemption period expires without payment from the original owner, the tax sale purchaser typically receives full ownership of the property (in tax deed states) or can petition the court or county for a deed (in tax lien states). The original owner permanently loses all rights to the property.
Which states have no redemption period after a tax sale?
Several states offer no redemption after the sale, including Arkansas, Kansas, Nevada, New Mexico, North Carolina, Utah, Virginia, and Washington. In these states, once the property is sold at a tax sale, the former owner cannot get it back. However, most of these states have lengthy pre-sale delinquency periods.
How does the redemption period affect my investment strategy?
Shorter or no redemption periods mean faster access to the property but often more competition at auction. Longer redemption periods mean your capital is tied up longer, but you earn interest or penalties during the wait. Tax lien investors generally prefer longer periods with high interest rates, while tax deed investors prefer shorter periods for faster flips.
Can a property owner redeem after the redemption period expires?
Generally no. Once the statutory redemption period expires, the original owner loses their right to reclaim the property. However, some states allow courts to extend the period in cases of fraud, irregularities in the sale process, or for certain protected property types like homesteads.
What is the difference between a tax lien and tax deed redemption period?
In tax lien states, the redemption period is typically the time before the lien holder can apply for a deed (a waiting period). In tax deed states, the redemption period is the time after the sale during which the owner can buy back the property. Some states use redeemable deeds, where the buyer gets the deed immediately but the owner can redeem within a set window.
Do homestead properties get longer redemption periods?
Yes, several states provide extended redemption periods for homestead or owner-occupied properties. For example, Texas gives homesteads a 2-year redemption period versus 6 months for other property, Indiana allows 1 year for owner-occupied versus 120 days for vacant, and Minnesota provides 3 years for homestead versus 1 year for other property.
What interest or penalties do owners pay to redeem?
Redemption costs vary widely by state. Some charge a flat annual interest rate (e.g., 12% in Alabama, 18% in Connecticut). Others charge steep penalties (e.g., 25-50% in Texas, 20% in Georgia). In some tax lien states like Florida and New Jersey, the interest rate is bid down at auction, which can result in lower returns for investors.
Research Properties Before the Sale
Download tax delinquent property lists with owner info, tax amounts, and deal scores. Know the redemption rules and be prepared before auction day.