Tax Deed & Tax Lien State Map
All 50 states, with what each one actually sells at a tax sale: 20 sell the deed, 20 sell a lien certificate, 8 run a hybrid, and 2 sell a redeemable deed. Redemption periods and interest rates are in the table.
The last column is ours, not statute: 1,715,315 tax-delinquent properties we currently hold records on, across 32 states, refreshed 2026-09-21. A state can look ideal on paper and still have no list you can work today — that column is how you tell.
Tax deed vs. tax lien: every state
| State | What is sold | Redemption period | Interest / penalty | Delinquent properties we track |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama (AL) | Redeemable deed Redeemable Tax Deed | 3 years from date of sale | 12% per annum | 28,911 |
| Alaska (AK) | Tax deed Tax Deed (Foreclosure) | 1 year before foreclosure judgment (pre-sale) | — | — |
| Arizona (AZ) | Tax lien Tax Lien Certificate | 3 years from date of sale | Up to 16% per annum (bid down) | 12,073 |
| Arkansas (AR) | Hybrid Hybrid (Lien Certificate + Commissioner's Deed) | 2 years from date of sale | 10% per annum | 196,210 |
| California (CA) | Tax deed Tax Deed | 5 years from default (pre-sale redemption only) | — | 26,702 |
| Colorado (CO) | Tax lien Tax Lien Certificate | 3 years from date of sale | 9% over federal discount rate (typically 12-14% total) | 11,077 |
| Connecticut (CT) | Tax lien Tax Lien (Municipality-Controlled) | 6 months from sale date | 18% per annum (1.5% per month) | 4,829 |
| Delaware (DE) | Tax deed Tax Deed (Monitions Sale) | 60 days after monitions sale (owner can petition to redeem) | — | — |
| Florida (FL) | Tax lien Tax Lien Certificate | 2 years from certificate sale date | Up to 18% per annum (bid down at auction) | 591,617 |
| Georgia (GA) | Tax deed Tax Deed (Non-Judicial) | 12 months from tax sale | 20% premium on redemption amount | 46,057 |
| Hawaii (HI) | Tax deed Tax Deed (Judicial Foreclosure) | 1 year from sale (can be shortened by court order) | — | — |
| Idaho (ID) | Tax deed Tax Deed | 14 months from tax deed sale (owner can redeem) | — | 5,184 |
| Illinois (IL) | Tax lien Tax Lien Certificate | 2 years (residential), 2.5-3 years (other) | Up to 18% per 6 months (36% annual maximum, bid down) | 81,529 |
| Indiana (IN) | Tax lien Tax Lien Certificate | 1 year from sale date | 10% for first 6 months, 15% for second 6 months (25% total first year) | 9,013 |
| Iowa (IA) | Tax lien Tax Lien Certificate | 1 year and 9 months from date of sale | 2% per month (24% annually) | 2,629 |
| Kansas (KS) | Tax deed Tax Deed (Judicial Foreclosure) | Before sale only (pre-foreclosure redemption) | — | 847 |
| Kentucky (KY) | Tax lien Tax Lien Certificate | 1 year from date of sale | 12% per annum | 12,791 |
| Louisiana (LA) | Tax lien Tax Sale (Lien with 3-Year Redemption) | 3 years from date of recording the tax sale | 12% per annum plus 5% penalty | — |
| Maine (ME) | Tax deed Tax Lien Foreclosure (Municipal) | 18 months from lien date | — | — |
| Maryland (MD) | Tax lien Tax Lien Certificate | 6 months to 2 years (varies by county and property type) | Varies by county — typically 6-24% depending on county ordinance | 11,369 |
| Massachusetts (MA) | Hybrid Tax Lien / Tax Taking (Municipal) | 6 months from tax taking, plus court process time | 16% per annum on tax taking amounts | — |
| Michigan (MI) | Tax deed Tax Deed (County Foreclosure) | 1 year from March 1 following forfeiture (approximately 3 years total from initial delinquency) | — | — |
| Minnesota (MN) | Tax deed Tax Forfeiture (State-Managed) | 3 years (non-homestead), 5 years (homestead) — pre-forfeiture only | — | 5,623 |
| Mississippi (MS) | Tax lien Tax Lien (Land Sale) | 2 years from date of sale | 18% per annum (1.5% per month) | 2,587 |
| Missouri (MO) | Hybrid Tax Lien Certificate (First) + Collector's Deed | 1 year (first offering), shortened for subsequent offerings | 10% on first offering, 8% on second | 934 |
| Montana (MT) | Tax lien Tax Lien Certificate | 3 years from date of sale | 10% per annum plus 2% penalty | — |
| Nebraska (NE) | Tax lien Tax Lien Certificate | 3 years from date of sale | 14% per annum | 16,388 |
| Nevada (NV) | Tax deed Tax Deed (Treasurer's Sale) | No post-sale redemption (redemption only before sale) | — | 747 |
| New Hampshire (NH) | Tax deed Tax Deed (Municipal Sale) | 2 years from tax lien execution, plus 3-year right to repurchase after deed | — | — |
| New Jersey (NJ) | Tax lien Tax Lien Certificate | 2 years from date of sale (can be extended to 6 months after foreclosure filing) | Up to 18% per annum (bid down at auction) | 1,168 |
| New Mexico (NM) | Tax deed Tax Deed (Property Tax Sale) | No post-sale redemption (redemption only before sale) | — | — |
| New York (NY) | Tax lien Tax Lien Certificate | 2 years (upstate), up to 4 years (NYC) | Up to 14% per annum (varies by jurisdiction) | 1,648 |
| North Carolina (NC) | Tax deed Tax Deed (In Rem Foreclosure) | 10 days from tax sale (extremely short) | — | 50,489 |
| North Dakota (ND) | Tax lien Tax Lien Certificate | 3 years from date of sale | 12% per annum | — |
| Ohio (OH) | Hybrid Hybrid (Tax Lien Certificate + Tax Deed) | 1 year from certificate sale; varies for deed sales | 18% per annum on certificates | 92,144 |
| Oklahoma (OK) | Hybrid Tax Lien Certificate + County Resale | 2 years from date of sale | 8% per annum | 19,549 |
| Oregon (OR) | Tax deed Tax Deed (County Foreclosure) | 2 years from delinquency date (pre-foreclosure only) | — | — |
| Pennsylvania (PA) | Tax deed Tax Deed (Upset Sale, then Judicial Sale) | No statutory redemption after judicial sale; limited redemption rights after upset sale | — | 65,805 |
| Rhode Island (RI) | Hybrid Tax Lien / Tax Deed (Municipal) | 1 year from sale date | 10% on redemption amount plus costs | — |
| South Carolina (SC) | Tax lien Tax Lien Certificate (Delinquent Tax Sale) | 1 year from date of sale | 3-12% (varies by county, set by county ordinance) | 834 |
| South Dakota (SD) | Hybrid Tax Lien Certificate + Tax Deed | 3 years (180 days for unoccupied property through expedited process) | 10% per annum plus fees | — |
| Tennessee (TN) | Tax deed Tax Deed (Chancery Court Sale) | 1 year from sale date (residential); shorter for commercial | — | 17,822 |
| Texas (TX) | Redeemable deed Tax Deed (Redeemable) | 2 years (homestead/agricultural), 180 days (all other property) | 25% penalty on redemption amount | 354,834 |
| Utah (UT) | Tax deed Tax Deed (County Auction) | No post-sale redemption (5-year pre-sale period) | — | — |
| Vermont (VT) | Tax lien Tax Lien (Municipal Sale) | 1 year from date of sale | 12% per annum (1% per month) | — |
| Virginia (VA) | Tax deed Tax Deed (Judicial Sale) | 2 years from sale (for parcels under certain value thresholds in some localities) | — | 6,917 |
| Washington (WA) | Tax deed Tax Deed (County Foreclosure) | No post-sale redemption (3-year pre-sale period with redemption opportunities) | — | 22,805 |
| West Virginia (WV) | Tax lien Tax Lien Certificate | 18 months from date of sale | 12% per annum | — |
| Wisconsin (WI) | Hybrid Tax Certificate + Tax Deed | 2 years from certificate issuance | Interest set by county (typically 1% per month / 12% annually) | 14,183 |
| Wyoming (WY) | Tax lien Tax Lien Certificate | 4 years from date of sale | Up to 15% first year, 18% after (bid down) | — |
Sale type, redemption period and interest rate summarise each state's statutory tax-sale framework and are the same figures our state guides publish. Counties vary within a state, and none of this is legal advice — confirm with the county before you bid.
Full process breakdown: 6 states
Bidding format, notice requirements, deed type, title clearing and typical quiet-title cost — written up in depth for the 6 states investors ask about most.
Select a state for the full process breakdown
Pick one of the six states above for its full process breakdown.
Every other state's sale type, redemption period and interest rate is in the table above — no click needed.
Legend: Sale Types
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